Critical Materials

Poland in the Energy Transition: Can the Country Replace Coal with Renewables by 2030?

Critical Materials, Editors Pick, Energy Security

For decades, coal has ensured Poland’s energy stability, supported industry, and reduced the risk of generation shortages during peak periods. However, by 2030 this model is becoming increasingly expensive—both due to the cost of CO₂ emissions and the structural transformation of Europe’s electricity market. Today, the key question is not whether renewable energy is needed, […]

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Argentina After Reforms: Will Vaca Muerta Become a New Pillar of European Energy Security?

Critical Materials, Economics, Editors Pick, Emerging Markets, Geopolitics, Must Read

For decades, Argentina lived with a paradox all too familiar to every energy expert: the country possesses exceptional resources — world-class shale gas, high-quality lithium, and vast wind and solar potential — yet it consistently failed to convert this wealth into stable growth. Macroeconomic volatility and unpredictable rules of the game repeatedly interrupted investment cycles.

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Critical Materials as the New Oil of the 21st Century: What Defines Energy Independence and Technological Sovereignty

Critical Materials, Editors Pick, Must Read

In the 21st century, a quiet but fundamental shift has taken place — one that has radically redefined the very concept of energy security. If in the previous century oil and gas shaped geopolitics, industrial development, and economic stability, today this role is gradually shifting to critical materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements.

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