November 2025

Critical Materials as the New Oil of the 21st Century: What Defines Energy Independence and Technological Sovereignty

In the 21st century, a quiet but fundamental shift has taken place — one that has radically redefined the very concept of energy security. If in the previous century oil and gas shaped geopolitics, industrial development, and economic stability, today this role is gradually shifting to critical materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements. […]

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Europe’s Energy Security — Between Autonomy and Integration

In 2025, the issue of energy security has once again moved to the center of European politics. After wars, sanctions, price shocks, and the accelerated “green transition,” Europe is entering a new phase in which energy is no longer just a technical or economic sector. It becomes the foundation of geopolitics, industrial strategy, and national

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The Geopolitics of Energy in 2025: New Alliances, New Dependencies

In 2025, energy finally ceased to be just an economic category — it has become the main instrument of global politics. After several years of wars, sanctions, and an accelerated “green transition,” the world has entered a new phase of energy geopolitics, where the boundaries between allies and competitors are often blurred. Europe is trying

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